Gasoline engine



Feb. AA15, 1927. 1,617,607

L. JfgRooT u GASOLINE ENGINE Filed sepk. 2e. '1923 2 sheets-sheet 2 NVE N TOR L mma J R001" y Patented Feb. 15, i927.

JNITE.y

ienne? LEMMA J. Roo'i, or SEATTLE, wasiaiiveroiv.VV

GAsoLinn ENGINE.

i Application 1ed` September 26, 1923. Serial No.v665,012,

The invention is an engine in which. the,V

' size of the explosion or compression chainbers of the cylinders is automatically adjustable, in whichethe Avalves have a free opening and will not need re-grinding, inwhich the engine is automatically cooled. by air L currents, in which the piston rings are nonleakable, and in which there is a positive oiling system.l j

The object of the inventionV is to provide an engine in which the entire explosive chamber is directly above the piston which brings the full force of the explosion directly A vfurther V,objectvof the invention istoprovide an .engine whose cooling system'canV Vbe adjusted to automatically cool the engine to any desired temperature. K

A still further object of the inventionis to provide an engine whose piston rings will reduce the leakage between the cylinde'r'wall and the piston to a minimum.

g And a still further .object of the invention V is to. provide an engine whose valvesihave a free and large opening Kand will not warp i or need re-ginding and with a positive oiling system.

W ith these and invention embodies an. .engine in which the upper ends of the cylinders will move automatically to change the sizeof the explosion chamber, with va-lves,/a "fan, arranged in suitable air passages so Lthat warm Kor cool,

lair may be forced into a jacket` surrounding the engine, and piston rings with grooves in their interior surfaces. 1. K K

Other features and advantages of the in- Vvention-will'be seen from thefollowing description taken in connection with thedrawings, wherein Y with some parts omitted and others broken away. Figure 2 is a plan with parts omitted.

Figure 3 is a plan view of the valve gears. Figure V4L is a detail showing an alternate design with sleeves for engaging the lower fan, and numeral B'the V piston ring. K Y

. rThe head1 can be constructed as shown other'ends in viewV the'. tioiiofthe movable head.

`and G mayV be connected to inlet and .exhaust Figure 'l is aside elevation of an engine i 1 "ri-fics.

ends of the cylinders Aas the walls'of the V cylinders move upward and downward.-v

Figure 5 is' afseotional view looking toward the front endof the engine.

Figure 6 isa cross section 'through center-line of one of the cylinders. Y

i theV Figure 7 Vis a Vplan .view showing` one of the valve operating gears.v Figure 8 is a `view of the under sideof the gears shown in Figure 7.l K

Y `Figure 9 isa sectional detail showing the pistonfringqf, ,i In the drawings I have shown my engine asit would Vbe constructed wherein numerall indicates the movable head, 'numeral 2 the' with va rectangular shapedblock '4 having passages 5 and 6 therein whichextend downwardinto cylindrical shaped projections 7 .whichfit in the upper ends of .cylinders 8. The cylinders maybe of any suitable vtype-orK size with tlie'upper ends open as shown in Figure-5 or with the fcylinderwalls Qfmade f vintegral with the head l solthKatthe entire ,cylinder may raiseinrelationto the piston. The engine block may bejprovided with Se f flanges. ory sleeves as shown-in Figure 4land e should thefcylinder walls be made integral with 'thejhead'in-order to- LseoureV the required weight above the pistons. Sparkvplugsr l0 may-'beplacedK in offset portions 1l inthe-sides of the cylinde'rgwall and arranged so vthat their tips'will project Vinto the cylinder at points below the lowerposi- The passages` 5 manifolds 12 and 13 which may beofaiiy .-suitable` type or designy and 'the exhaust manifold should have `a flexible sectionli `inuit Kas shown in Figure lThe fintale K manifold may be of any suitable designand may have any type of carb-ureter as indi- Kcated` by the numeral lattached to an extension i6 and the `carburetor may havea supply pipe 17V with` a flexible section in it.

as indicated 'byv the yn unieralvlf.

The projections Y7 may be of any suitable VKlength' and inlay be lprovidedwith ,pistonr -rings'lQ` in their outer, walls so' .that the .mixy.ture will not escapeY out of Atlievjupper ends v`0f.' the evlindei s. .These 'projections have pasagesjQOK and 21 in; themhwhiclrconnect to Vthe passages- 5 and 6 4aiidin theirflower ends vare,openings 22A and A23v as shown in ilo fand 231,are the valves 25k' which are, in the' Ymatically increased by thecompression and the explosion of the larger charge tota larger This area may vFigures `6V and 2.` Below theopenings 22 form -ofdiscs with convex upper and lower surfaces vas shown in Figure 6 and -an opening through themV as; indicated by the numeralz25 shown in Figure 2.v The Valves have vertical stems 26 Yprojecting upward Y through Vholes 27 and on the upper ends of the stem are discs 28 with springs 29 helow the'm-w'hich hold the Valves upward againstV "the flower" conca'ved surface ,ott-he' projection Gears 30= are lixedly mounted on therva'lvej stems for operating the valves. hese gears aremade and operated'as shown 1n Figures 7' and 8 and are rotated by segmental gears V31 `onshafts 32 V whichr are roj tatedfbyf'worm gears '337011 a shaft dgand these shaftsrare rotatedfby the cranlrrsllat Y' through aspur-gear 325wor1n gears 360DV ashaft 37 andotheri wor-m gears 3 8 between vthe shaft 37 and theshaft 34.'. The' gear e 35 is rotated by a ,gear 39-which valso rotates pump gearl() whiclroperates a pump Lll suitable "desifgni The pump '4l-1y has a pipe v.452 connectingiit tothe bottom 'of the` crank able branches in itV tov connect it toVV points 44,5 415, and 46, adjacent thebearings of the crankshaftfalsdto suitable` points so that'it {willspray oilonzthe connecting rod bearings,

Y ,and alsoftoa poi-ntll? lwhich maf)7 beat any :convenient poi/latin the casing. 48 in `which f f the 'valve gea-rs k"are, mounted on top `Vof 'the icylinder head g1., This 'latter connection y X'wfil'lhave a Yflerrible'section L9-in; itso that fthecylinder head can move upwardandr downward,V TheY oil will-'passfroim the casing- 43S'hack Avtojthe crank-case by" flowing down the sleeve surrounding the AVertical f 'xhecylinder head has 'pins at each VAIznorve, downward (so that the cylinder heads 5 may move upward, thereby` permitting the pressure inthe cylinders to remainconstant.

g'It willibe seen that thisr pressure may be regulatedl bye-adding additional v'weight to'-v v the head'l orby adjusting anut 56 on, the

fspring fstenr57Y and "as the eccentrics at each ''endareconnected.by avrod 5 8 in hubs 59 onthe'arms, the heads of V all ofithe cylir'lder's will` movefupward andE downward i lsimultaneously.' It'wilhj. therefore, be seen Y 'thatfit will yhepossi-ble to compress" alight 'chargexiof Yfuel-to asfgr'eat a pressuregas "a, v heavy. :cl'rarge' asV the'` size of the' "compression chamber will be automatically V.adjusted to a small area for the light charge and auto area for; the hea-uyI charge. also be regulated from the instrument board byrmoving a rod 60 backward and forward which will extend from the arm 54 to a suitable means atthe instrument board for holding it in dif-erent positions.V Y The springs will1no1mally beset to holdl` thepiston heads downward until a pressure, greater thanthat n which may have'been.determined as themost eheient `pressure to explode the 1 gas, is Y reached and vthen the springs will compressandi-permit `the heads 11o-raise yas much as for the heavier charge.y Y

The valve gear 30 is made intheV formel maybe necessaryv to provide a suitablefarea a disc with teeth. around its edge vand proj ections .Glfat intervals inthe teeth. vBelow 'the teethA areV wings 62 which are separated from the teeth by alsmallfspace lin which therouter edge 63 of the gearl will extend. The

gearlfmay ibemadel as shown in Ffigures- 6 and 7 with lugs 64 haVing-teeth65 on the 'e upper side of its out-er edge, which lugs willengage the projection 6lv` on thegear 30V and which teeth willlengage the teeth-60 o'tthe 'gear/3L. .'ldhefunder sideo't-the-gear 3l is provided with circular openings 66fa'n'd V67 as shown in lFigure 8 in which th'epoints of the'wings 62f1nay project as the-lugs 64 and wingsV 62 are'rotatingl-the gear 30. The

gears 30? and 3l, are-proifi-ded withqsquare holes 68 and,A l695 thrfeu'gh Vwhich they` are mounted ontheV squaresec'tions of theshafts 32 and onv the-Nalvestems. l'It willt be *seenV that asY the gear Slrotatesone of the" lugs i 6a will engageone-ot' th'e'projections 6l" and the tip-oi?-Y one of' the-wings 62 will i engage the edge oit-one of the openings -66 and ca use'the gear. S0 to rotate andres it continues-to' rotate the tipfotthe adjacent,

wing 62 will pass 'into the opening 67;V andi as soon .as the lug 641 has passedlby the gear 30 aV surface 'ZG' of' one otithe wings 62A will engage the outer surface *Z1-of the' lower j partfotthef gearlfand hold the vgear 30 f inthe rigid position until another of the lugs 64 engages one'of'the projectionsr6l. In the desigi'iv shown the :gears are set to rotate the Valvesfs'o that. the openingr25 will pass over the closed portion ofthe projection? while kthe fuel-is being-exploded and Athen it will :1r .Y first open theleirhaust port 23 toV permitthe exhaust 'to' :escape and then close the exhaust l i portrand open the intake Vport 22so that I fuel may be admitted to the cylinder, thus closing through the VotherV fullA stroke of'A crankv as gear 3l rotates one half Vas, fast ascranlrshaft. Y f- V' It willv be seen thaty the Valvesin'ay be set to' correspon'dw-ith the timing gear so that `Vfuel may be admit-ted and the exhaust gases;

One of the shafts 32 may be provided with an extension 74'that will extend through an opening 75 in the cover of the gear case 48 1 so that a timer as indicated by the numeral V76 may be placed upon it; as the gear 3l rotates at the properV speed for the` timing gear. The timer may be of any suitable de-V sign and may be connected to the sparkplugs ofthe engine in any suitable manner.

The fan 2 may be rotatably mounted in a casing 77 on a shaft 7 8 andadriven by a belt 7 9 from a pulley 80,v 0r any suitable means from the crankshaft. VThe casing 77 is arranged so that the air may be drawn through Ya device 8l which may be similar to a motor vehicle radiator and from there it may pass backward to tubes 82 and 83 which may have openings 84 in their outer edges through which k,the air` may be blown against the interiorrw'allsv of a casing 85 Vwhich Vmay be placed aroundV the engine. The air will circulate upward along the interior of the casing land then downward around the engine from where it may escape or may be drawn forward through a passage 86 to the fan so that in very cold weather the air may be re-circulated. A damper 87 may be placed in this passage which may be regulated by a rod 88 fromV the instrument board; or it is also understood that this damper may be regulated by a thermostatV on the side of the engine as indicatedlin dotted lines as shown in Figure l. y A bar of thermostatic material 89 maybe attached to a block 90 at one end and to the-bar 88 at the other so that as the temperature Aoi" the bar is changed it will move backward and forwardl and regulate the temperature byv operating a gate or Ydamper l.between the two air passes. The element` may be enclosed in any suitable casing and arranged -in any suitable position on the engine where it will be affected by the temperature of the engine.V It will be seen that this will make Ait possible toV automatically distribute the air over the entire engineat practically an even temperature.

The piston ring 3 whichmay be as shown or of any suitable type is provided with a groove 91 as shown, or being shaped of any vvalve operating means.

angle, around its inner lsurface so `that `a lining of asbestos or the like which is indicated by the numeral 92 and which may be placed Vbehind the piston ring, may

squeezed into the groove 91 so that it will be practically impossible for anything to pass around behind the ring. Thus making Y a piston ring' that will seal a passage that may existbetween a piston andthe ring-- It is understood that this groove may be placed in a ring of any design.V

It willbe understood that changes may be made in the construction without departing from the spirit of. the invention.

Having thusully described the invention7 what IV claim, is

l. In an internal combustion engine, a

'plurality of'cylinders forming a group, a

plurality of movable heads mounted in a common block, arms pivotally attached to the ends 'of the block, eccentrics' at the lower ends of the arms for regulating thepositions of the heads in the cylinders, levers connected to the eccentric and to springs forrregulating the positions of the eccentric, means for regulating the positionsof the ec# centrics from a remote point, valves in the said heads of the cylinders, means for oper ating the said Vvalves as the said heads move upward and downward, inletV and exhaust' manifolds connected to the :said movable heads,iiexible means connecting the exhaust to the exhaust pipe, and flexible means connecting the carburetorof the intake .ports plurality of movable heads mountedV in a Y' common block', Aarms pivotally lattached to theends or" the block, eccentrics kat the lower ends ofthe arms `for regulating the positions ofthe headsuin the cylinders, 'levers' connected to the eccentric and to springs for regulating the lpositions oiV the eccentric, means for regulating the positions o 'the eccentrics from a remote point, valves in the said heads of'the'cylinders, means for operheads, flexible means connecting the exhaust manifold to the exhaust pipe, flexible means connecting the carburetor of the intake ports to the gasoline supply line, and va .flexible oil connection lfor supplying oil to theY said Y y VLninxia J. ROOT.

loaf ating the saidvalves as the said heads move a upward ,andAV downward, inletV andexhaust `manifolds Vconnected to the said movable 

